Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform runtime environment built on Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine. Released in 2009, it allows developers to execute JavaScript on the server side, enabling full-stack development with a single language. Node.js is event-driven and non-blocking, which makes it highly efficient for handling I/O-heavy and real-time applications.
Its single-threaded architecture, using an event loop, is designed for scalability, making Node.js suitable for building scalable network applications such as chat servers, online games, and live-streaming platforms. Node.js has a rich ecosystem powered by npm (Node Package Manager), offering over a million open-source packages that speed up development.
Key frameworks built on Node.js include Express.js for web servers, NestJS for enterprise applications, and Socket.io for real-time communication. Node’s asynchronous, non-blocking nature provides excellent performance, especially for applications requiring high concurrency. It is also highly extensible, with compatibility for a variety of databases, including MongoDB and PostgreSQL.
Node.js is popular in modern web development due to its ability to create lightweight, high-performance applications and its active community that contributes to its ongoing evolution.